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高中英语语法

2023-05-23 英语
《高中英语语法-插入语的应用之一》由英语编辑整理,更多请访问:https://www.yunyanqing.com/english/.本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请与我们联系。

插入语的应用之一

插入式语言(句子)是说话人对补充、强调、解释或说话的态度。它的位置很灵活,经常用逗号或破折号与其他成分分开,不影响语法中的其他成分。例如:

I think, she has no feeling for your trouble. / She, I think, has no feeling for your trouble. 我想,她对你的经历漠不关心。

一 . 常见的插入语和插入句。

1. 插入语通常是副词(副词短语)、形容词(形容词短语)、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等形式出现。

( 1 )常见的副词和短语: indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。

( 2 )常见的形容词和短语: funny, needless to say (不用说), most important of all 等。

( 3 )常见介词短语: by the way, in a few words / in sum / in short (简而言之), in other words, in general, in one"s opinion / judgment (根据某人的意见), in fact, in the first place, of course, to one"s knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。

( 4 )现在常见的分词短语: strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking (严格地 / 一般地 / 坦诚等待)说; judging from / by …(根据……判断)等。

( 5 )常见的动词不定式短语: to be sure (毫无疑问), to sum up (一般来说), to tell the truth, to be honest, to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly, to put it in another way, to begin ( start ) with 等。

注:上述单词或短语在插入语和状语时的区别。例如:

( 1 ) Frankly, he"d like to listen to music.

(副词作插入语,表示说话人的态度)

Here you should speak frankly.

(副词作状)

( 2 ) True, your daughter is at home now. (形容词作为插入语)

He came back, hungry and tired. (形容词作状语)

( 3 ) Judging from what he said, he does look down his elder brother. (现在分词作为插入语,其主语不是句子中的主语,而是说话人的附加说明)

Seeing from the window, he can see the lake. (现在分词为状语,逻辑主语是句子中的主语 he )

( 4 ) To tell you the truth, he doesn"t quite agree with this idea. (不定式插入语,动作主体不是句子中的主语,只是说话人的附加说明)

To buy the machine, he went to Beijing. (不定式作为目的状语,逻辑主语是句子中的主语 he )

2. 插入句是一个简短而完整的句子。常见的插入句如下: I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地说), that is ( to say )(也就是说), it seems (看来是), as I see it (在我看来), what"s more, what"s worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 严重的是), I"m afraid (恐怕) , it is said (据说), as we all know (众所周知)等。

插入句具有很强的独立性,通常用标点符号将其与其他句子分开。应特别注意问题句的插入句,一般为倒置语序,无标点符号,整个问题句应保持陈述语序。例如:

( 1 ) What should I do first?

What do you think I should do first? (插入的疑问句原为倒装语序,插入后成为陈述语序)

( 2 ) Who is singing?

Who do you think is singing? (插入的问题句原本是陈述语序,不需要调整)

二 . 插入语(句)在试题中的应用。

1. 单项选择。由于插入语通常与句子中的其他成分没有语法关系,命题者故意在句子中插入从句或插入语,导致主谓分离,给考生的理解带来一定的困难和干扰。例如:

( 1 ) He made another wonderful discovery, _____ of great importance to science. (上海 1998 )

A. which I think is B. which I think it is

C. which I think it D. I think which is

分析:这是一个非限制性定语从句, which 在从句中作主语,而不是 the discovery .做这类问题的方法是先插入语言 I think 去掉,然后把句子还原成句子 He made another wonderful discovery, which is of great importance to science. 问题迎刃而解。正确答案: A .

( 2 ) In fact _____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (上海 2023 )

A. this B. that

C. there D. it

分析: in fact 在句子中实际承担插入语,只是没有逗号隔开,意思是意思是“事实上,对于警察来说,在一场重大的足球比赛中,维持秩序是一项困难的工作”。空格很容易把句子当作 fact 同位语从句被误选 B .正确答案: D

Tags:主语   短语   语序

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